Breast Cancer Screening

Breast cancer screening involves methods to detect breast cancer early, even before symptoms appear. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates. Here’s an overview of breast cancer screening, including symptoms, causes, procedures, and treatments:

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

• Lump in the Breast or Armpit: A hard lump or thickening in the breast tissue or underarm area.
• Changes in Breast Size or Shape: Visible changes in breast size or shape.
• Changes in Skin Texture: Dimpling or puckering of the skin on the breast.
• Nipple Changes: Inversion (turning inward) of the nipple, discharge other than breast milk, or scaling/peeling of the nipple skin.
• Redness or Rash: Unexplained redness, rash, or swelling on the breast skin.

Causes of Breast Cancer

• Genetic Factors: Inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
• Family History: Having a first-degree relative (mother, sister, or daughter) with breast cancer.
• Age: Risk increases with age, particularly after menopause.
• Personal History: Previous breast cancer or certain benign breast conditions.
• Hormonal Factors: Early menstruation, late menopause, hormone replacement therapy.
• Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption.
• Radiation Exposure: Previous chest radiation therapy.

Breast Cancer Screening Procedures

• Clinical Breast Examination (CBE): A healthcare provider checks breasts for lumps or other abnormalities.
• Mammography: X-ray imaging of the breast tissue to detect tumors or abnormalities. Regular mammograms are recommended for women over 40 or earlier based on risk factors.
• Breast MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Used in high-risk individuals or to evaluate dense breast tissue not clearly seen on mammograms.
• Breast Self-Examination (BSE): Regular self-checks to detect any changes in the breasts.

Early Detection and Prevention

• Regular Screening: Follow screening guidelines based on age and risk factors.
• Healthy Lifestyle: Maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, limit alcohol intake.
• Breastfeeding: Reduces breast cancer risk.
• Genetic Counseling: Consider if there's a family history of breast cancer.